On the one hand, there is Hobbes’s notion of us as predisposed to violence – waging war against each other in a “nasty, brutish and short” existence. Since the Enlightenment, there have been two conflicting visions of humanity stripped of its civilised trappings. The notable exception was the pre-agricultural era, those tens of thousands of years in which humans were thought to live in a state of… well, what exactly? After the catastrophic failure of the Soviet experiment, there were few places left to turn in support of the belief that humanity is at heart cooperative rather than competitive. The last point is particularly relevant for the egalitarian-minded. It’s also proved an area of fertile promise for those who find the established narratives of modernity either constricting or based on false premises or both. I n the wake of bestselling blockbusters such as Jared Diamond’s Collapse and Yuval Noah Harari’s Sapiens, that backwater of history – prehistory – has been infused by a surge of popular interest.